140th Anniversary Celebration

The Story Begins

ICA Cristo Rey's history dates back to the late 19th century. Mother Pia (Maria) Backes, the founder of ICA, was born in Neukirchen, Germany, in 1852. When she was four years old, her family moved to Philadelphia, and later, to New York City. At the age of 18, she made the life-altering decision to become a Dominican Sister at the Holy Cross Monastery in Brooklyn.

Meanwhile, on the other side of the country, the Catholic immigrant population in San Francisco was growing rapidly. Archbishop Joseph Alemany, the first archbishop of the San Francisco Diocese, struggled to provide a Catholic education to the expanding German immigrant community. In desperation, he reached out to the Dominican Sisters of New York, seeking help to establish a Catholic school in San Francisco.

Mother Pia, along with two other sisters, Sister Salesia Fichtner and Sister Amanda Bednartz, bravely accepted the responsibility. In 1876, they moved to San Francisco and resided at the Queen of the Holy Rosary Convent, located next to St. Boniface Church in what is now the Tenderloin neighborhood. The school started at St. Boniface with 40 students, and due to the dedication of these three sisters, enrollment grew to 105 in just the first year.

With this initial success, Mother Pia sought to expand. Her first opportunity came in 1881 when the Rueggs, a devoted St. Boniface family, offered the basement of their home in the Mission district on 21st Street and Valencia Street as a new school location.

Mother Pia's vision for expansion into the Mission became a reality in November 1882 when the Dominican Sisters purchased a 60 by 125 feet lot on 24th and Guerrero, the current location of ICA Cristo Rey today. Construction began on the new Immaculate Conception Convent and Academy for a total cost of $14,800. On November 29, 1883, Thanksgiving Day, the new building was completed. To this day, this date is celebrated as the founding of ICA Cristo Rey.

The latter part of the 19th century was a period of significant activity for the Dominican Sisters in San Francisco. Enrollment at the Immaculate Conception Academy grew rapidly, necessitating expansion. In 1887, the sisters purchased two three-story frame buildings on Fair Oaks Street, and by 1893, these additional spaces were refurbished to be new classrooms. Concurrently, the Dominican sisters played an active role in establishing other schools in ICA’s vicinity, such as St. Anthony School in Bernal Heights.

 

What was happening in San Francisco at the time?

The 1880s were a significant period in San Francisco's history marked by growth, cultural diversity, and societal changes. The city experienced economic prosperity due to the expansion of industries like shipping, manufacturing, and finance, as well as the completion of the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1884. This made San Francisco a major trade hub on the West Coast, attracting a wave of immigrants and pioneers.

Immigration played a crucial role in shaping the city's identity during this era. The Gold Rush in the mid-1800s brought immigrants from various parts of the world, including Irish, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Chinese communities. These immigrant groups left a lasting impact on the city, with neighborhoods like Chinatown, established in the mid-1800s, becoming thriving cultural enclaves.

Social changes were also underway, with Congress passing the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882, which marked the first extensive immigration restrictions in American history. Meanwhile, movements for women's suffrage and workers' rights gained momentum, leading to strikes and demonstrations organized by labor unions like the Central Labor Council, advocating for improved wages and working conditions.

What was happening at ICA at the time?

In the first years of the 20th century, ICA was thriving in its new location at 24th and Guerrero, providing an increasingly impressive education to San Francisco's community. However on April 18, 1906, the catastrophic 7.9 magnitude San Francisco Earthquake struck and presented new challenges to the city of San Francisco and the ICA community.

The sisters' experiences during the earthquake and its aftermath are well-documented in their diaries. Fortunately, the earthquake did not harm ICA's motherhouse and school building. Without hesitation, the sisters courageously ventured out that day to assist the sick and dying throughout the city, severely affected by the earthquake and subsequent fires.

The following afternoon, the sisters received distressing news that the fire, fueled by limited water supply due to broken pipes, was projected to reach both St. James Church (located at 23rd and Guerrero St) and ICA after 11 p.m. that night. To prevent the fire's advance, it was decided to dynamite St.James and ICA. With this warning, the sisters packed and transferred valuable items to the safety of St. Anthony's School in Bernal Heights. They also buried smaller valuables near ICA.

In the early hours of April 20th, the sisters anxiously awaited news about the destruction of their beloved home and school. However, at the eleventh hour, a shift in the wind direction and the discovery of an intact water main spared both St. James Church and ICA from the fires. In the subsequent weeks, ICA transformed into an emergency hospital for the sick and dying and also served as a temporary orphanage.

In 1907, a year after the earthquake, the sisters made a significant decision to relocate the Dominican Motherhouse from 24th and Guerrero Street to its present location of Mission San Jose, Fremont, CA. While the Mission San Jose property had been acquired by the sisters earlier, the fear prompted by the 1906 earthquake, coupled with the need for more space in San Francisco to accommodate the growing student population, motivated the sisters to move the motherhouse. Some sisters remained at the ICA convent. With the additional space at the 24th and Guerrero Street campus, ICA could offer a complete four-year high school program for female students interested in pursuing it.

 

What was happening in San Francisco at the time?

The turn of the 20th century marked a crucial period for San Francisco, characterized by both remarkable progress and challenging adversity. As the city embraced the new century, it could not have foreseen the seismic events that would reshape its landscape and spirit.

By 1900, San Francisco had evolved into a bustling metropolis, embodying the optimism of the era. Embracing technological strides like cable cars and electric streetcars, the city showcased its commitment to modernity. The thriving port solidified its role as a conduit to the Pacific, fostering international trade and commerce.

However, a dramatic shift occurred on April 18, 1906, when the catastrophic 7.9 magnitude San Francisco Earthquake struck. Its force shattered buildings, ignited fires, and tested residents' tenacity. The aftermath, coupled with ensuing fires, led to widespread devastation, displacing hundreds of thousands and leaving a city in ruins. Approximately 250,000 residents were left homeless, prompting the construction of “earthquake shacks”—5,610 single-story structures scattered across over 20 refugee camps, including sites like Mission Dolores Park and Washington Square. Some of these makeshift dwellings can still be found around the city today. This catastrophe had a profound impact on urban planning and architecture, catalyzing the implementation of robust construction codes and the development of earthquake-resistant structures.

Amidst the wreckage, San Francisco's culture displayed resilience. The Barbary Coast, notorious as a red-light district, was a 9-block area of dance halls, concert saloons, jazz clubs, and more. Concentrated along Pacific Avenue, spanning Stockton Street to Montgomery Street, this area now overlaps with Chinatown and North Beach. Previously controlled by criminal factions and exploitative drinking establishments, the Barbary Coast transformed after the 1906 Earthquake. Emerging from the ashes, it reinvented itself as "Terrific Street," a dynamic epicenter of dance, music, and culture, shedding its former illicit associations. Its lively jazz scene during the early 1900s earned it this distinctive moniker.

Expansion from 1910-1930

After the Motherhouse relocated in 1907 from San Francisco to Mission San Jose in Fremont, CA, Immaculate Conception Academy had the space needed to accommodate the growing student population. This expansion allowed ICA to offer a complete four-year high school program for young women in San Francisco, including four years of religion and English, three years of history, math, science, and foreign language, and one year of American government. In 1915, ICA received accreditation from the University of California, the primary accrediting body at the time, signifying that the education provided adequately prepared students for success at a UC institution.

The growth around ICA also shaped its evolution into the institution we know today. In 1924, St. James Parochial School for Girls was founded on Fair Oaks Street, adjacent to ICA. Serving students in grades 1 through 8, St. James educated the younger students, allowing ICA to thrive solely as a high school and focus on upper-level education.

Even after transitioning from serving students of all ages to exclusively high school students, ICA still found itself in need of more space. In 1927, excavation began for the current-day school building located at 24th and Guerrero Street. The building opened in August 1928 with new classrooms and an auditorium, marking a significant moment in the school's history.

During the two decades from 1910 to 1930, Mother Pia achieved a crucial milestone for the Dominican Sisters of Mission San Jose. She tirelessly worked to secure non-canonical status for the Dominican Sisters, enabling their organizations to operate independently of the Archdiocese of San Francisco, a decision only granted by the Vatican. Mother Pia made multiple trips to Rome, Germany, and other locations to seek advice to craft the necessary proposals. After over a decade of effort, she received the news on November 25, 1922, that her endeavors had succeeded. In celebration, Mother Pia declared that November 25th should forever be celebrated with ice cream! Today, ICA Cristo Rey is recognized as an independent Catholic school, thanks to Mother Pia's determination. She passed away on February 8, 1925, and her legacy continues to shape the community at ICA Cristo Rey.

 

What was happening in San Francisco at the time?

In the dynamic span from 1910 to 1930, San Francisco experienced a whirlwind of changes, marked by the effects of World War I and recovery from the devastating 1906 earthquake. As the city danced into the Roaring Twenties, it was already a hub of culture and innovation.

World War I prompted the Presidio Army post to ramp up its activities. In the later years of the war, 1917 and 1918, the Presidio played a key role in training and deploying officers, coordinating artillery and infantry units, and offering care to returning wounded soldiers. With the city's ports crucial for troop and supply movements, San Francisco's economy saw a notable upturn. Significantly, the shipyards were bustling, providing substantial job opportunities.

Outside of the military, there was a need for San Francisco to re-establish itself as a thriving center of technology after the 1906 earthquake. In 1915, the city hosted the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, celebrating the completion of the Panama Canal and showcasing other groundbreaking innovations. This event introduced the world to inventions like the telephone, typewriter, and phonograph. To host the event, the flat land between the Presidio and Fort Mason was transformed to house exhibit “palaces” of different disciplines, and the Palace of Fine Arts still stands today.

San Francisco's focus on technology and innovation extended beyond showmanship. A testament to this commitment is the remarkable Twin Peaks Tunnel, a passageway underneath the Twin Peaks spanning 2.27 miles. Completed in 1918, the tunnel links the Castro and West Portal Muni Metro stations, a project that took a decade of meticulous planning and construction. Its purpose was to seamlessly connect the city's western districts with its other expanding neighborhoods.

The 1930's

In the 1930s, ICA flourished. The school saw an increase in activities, classes, and student enrollment, culminating in 1939 with the largest graduating class to date of 53 graduates. School spirit was a central focus during this era, with students authoring numerous newspaper articles in the student-run Megaphone that encouraged their peers to exhibit school pride through active participation in school events and sports competitions. Many of ICA's dances and larger assemblies featuring guest speakers were held jointly with St. James' Boys’ School.

Athletics gained immense popularity among students during this time. The basketball team, in particular, became a source of school pride, securing the league championship four consecutive times from 1936 to 1939! Additionally, the decade saw the establishment of tennis and swimming teams that enjoyed widespread popularity. In 1936, Peggy Neal, a senior at ICA, achieved national recognition by breaking the Junior 100-meter freestyle swimming national record. Interclass competitions in basketball and volleyball also became significant events that engaged students, alongside city-wide league athletics. 

Academic excellence remained a top priority for ICA students. In 1934, the school joined the California Scholarship Federation (CSF) as Chapter 268, a membership ICA still retains. Students gained points for strong academic performance to earn CSF honors each semester, and those with consistent CSF honors received Lifetime Membership pins at graduation. The CSF members formed an active club on campus, participating in state-wide conferences and competitions hosted by the CSF organization. Today, ICA students with a GPA of 3.5 or higher in CSF-designated "core" classes can apply for CSF honors every semester. Achieving honors for four semesters, with at least one during their senior year, results in CSF Lifetime Membership. In 2023, 26 students received a Lifetime Membership seal on their diploma and a distinguished stole for graduation.

ICA's activities in the 1930s were influenced by the broader social and economic conditions of the time, particularly the Great Depression. Students and the Dominican Sisters engaged in various charitable efforts to support those struggling in San Francisco. The student newspaper featured fictional stories written by students encouraging gratitude and generosity. The Dominican Sisters exemplified generosity, offering food to lines of hungry men every day at noon. Their commitment to service still drives their work today.

What was happening in San Francisco at the time? 

Even in the midst of the Great Depression, San Francisco's spirit thrived through vibrant culture and architectural marvels. Jazz and dance flourished in local clubs, while impressive theaters like the Fox in 1929 and Paramount in 1931 opened on Market Street, offering escapes for moviegoers.

Amid these cultural blossoms, two monumental bridges redefined the image and connectivity of the Bay Area. The Golden Gate Bridge, an architectural marvel completed in 1937, swiftly became a symbol of San Francisco. Its vivid “International Orange” color was chosen to enhance visibility in the city's characteristic fog. Similarly, the 1936 Bay Bridge, a twin-span marvel connecting San Francisco and Oakland, showcased engineering greatness. At the time, it held the record as the world's longest steel structure, featured the deepest bridge pier, and housed the largest bore tunnel. To celebrate these feats, the Golden Gate International Exposition, 1939-1940, took place on the new, artificially built Treasure Island.

1933 introduced Coit Tower, a lasting skyline addition gifted by Lillie Hitchcock Coit to honor firefighters. Contrary to popular myth, the resemblance of the tower to a firehose nozzle is only a coincidence. Inside, vibrant murals offer a snapshot of 1930s’ California, created by artists employed through the New Deal's Public Works of Art Project. Some of the murals expressed somewhat radical views for the time on politics and racial equality causing controversy over whether the murals should be available for public viewing.

San Francisco's waterfront evolved too. The completion of Pier 39 in 1933 enhanced maritime infrastructure, while Alcatraz Island's transformation from a military fort to a federal prison in 1934 set the stage for its storied history, housing notorious inmates like Al Capone and the Birdman of Alcatraz, Robert Stroud.

ICA in the 1940's

World War II left a mark on the discussions and activities of ICA students in the 1940s. It ignited a fervor for world history, global politics, and discussions on patriotism. The spirited debate team tackled topics like "The Need for Self-Discipline in Democracy" and "Should the Power of the Federal Government be Increased?" Meanwhile, a popular writing competition had students pondering "What are we fighting for?" In the pages of the student newspaper, The Megaphone, you could find illustrations and comics created by talented students that delved into these very themes.

War also presented an opportunity for the ICA community to showcase their unwavering commitment to service. Throughout the war, ICA students carried out many charitable drives. The Religious Items Drive was a common way students and their families contributed by donating religious items like Bibles, rosaries, and prayer books for active and hospitalized servicemen. Paper drives were also a frequent occurrence, aimed at addressing the paper shortage that affected the U.S. during this time. The collected newspaper and magazine scraps played a vital role in supporting the paper needs of the military.

But perhaps the most remarkable effort was the U.S. Bond sales organized by the students. They wholeheartedly answered the nation's call to buy bonds in support of the war effort. Each drive set a specific goal of bonds to sell, often aligned with the cost of a military necessity, be it a field ambulance or an army truck. The drives also sparked friendly competition between grades, with daily announcements on classes’ collective progress to boost participation. In their most successful bond drive, ICA students sold an astounding $9,966.75 worth of U.S. bonds and stamps (equivalent to about $175,865 today).

Not to be outdone, the Sewing Department at ICA found its unique way to contribute. Every Friday, sewing students dedicated their class time to creating essential items such as icebag covers, bedroom slippers, and washcloths for injured servicemen.

Even amid the wartime challenges, academic excellence remained a top priority for both ICA faculty and students. Sister M. Redempta, the principal, introduced a curriculum shift in the 1941-1942 school year. Students were now required to select one of three curriculum programs – Academic, Business, or Homemaking – by the start of their sophomore year. Each program encompassed core subjects like Math, English, History, Science, Religion, and Spanish, along with an array of elective courses tailored to the chosen program. For example, Academic students had the option to delve into an additional foreign language, while Business program students ventured into courses like General Business and typing.

The '40s also marked the arrival of passionate educators who expanded the elective courses. The Library Sciences class, taught by ICA’s very own archivist, gained immense popularity, with 50 students applying for only 12 available slots. New classes for first-year students were introduced to help them acclimate to the academic rigor of ICA. Courses like Language Fundamentals and an Arithmetic Refresher provided the perfect springboard into the challenging sophomore year.

San Francisco in the 1940's

In the 1940s, San Francisco navigated a transformative era shaped by wartime trials. The city emerged as a pivotal hub for the Pacific Theater during World War II, with the Golden Gate Bridge guarding access to a bustling port that facilitated troop deployment and supplies. Over a million soldiers embarked for war from Fort Mason, while Bay Area shipyards played a crucial role in Navy ship construction and maintenance.

These wartime shifts reshaped San Francisco's social landscape. The influx of military personnel and defense industry workers transformed the population dynamics, bolstering the economy and paving the way for a post-war boom. The city's neighborhoods underwent demographic changes too. Following Pearl Harbor, the Japanese community within the city was subjected to internment in camps located far inland, leading to an African-American migration from the South, drawn by opportunities in the war industries, to their vacant neighborhoods. Meanwhile, the Hispanic community relocated to the Mission District after being displaced by the anchorage of the Bay Bridge in the current South Beach neighborhood.

Cultural influences also flourished. Jazz and swing music echoed through the streets, offering a lively backdrop to evolving times. Nightclubs and theaters buzzed with activity, providing solace amidst wartime challenges. San Francisco's KFRC became the world's first Top-40 radio station, adding musical comfort to an uncertain era.

Post-war, the city embraced hope anew. The United Nations Charter was drafted and signed in 1945, signifying a global commitment to peace. Returning servicemen prompted a surge in marriages and family growth foreshadowing the Bay Area’s expansion of the 1950s.

What was happening at ICA at the time? 

ICA was a vibrant community during the 1950s brimming with academic endeavors and Spartan spirit. There was no better way to stay up to date with all the goings-on of campus than reading the student-run newspaper, The Megaphone. Founded in 1930 and celebrating its 20th year anniversary, The Megaphone was a crown achievement of ICA during this time. Publishing four to six editions each year, these four-page spreads covered school events, San Francisco happenings, student opinion pieces, satirical columns, sports updates, comics, photographs, and more. The newspapers were supported partly by ads from local businesses. The students who contributed to The Megaphone earned numerous accolades, including membership in the prestigious Quill and Scroll International Honorary Society for High School Journalists, a first-place award at the St. Mary’s College Press Convention for girls' high schools in the Western Division, and an award from Catholic School Press Association conducted by Marquette University. 

In the 1950s, ICA’s other main publication, the yearbook, underwent a transformation. In 1956, the annual yearbook was rebranded as The Flame to honor the Dominican Sisters' motto of "truth." In its first year, The Flame could be purchased by students for $2.75. The yearbook highlighted popular clubs like the Glee Club and the Solidarity Club and featured the faculty and staff of the year.  

During this period, two specific fields of study piqued the interest of ICA students: the arts and sciences. ICA proudly offered well-equipped art classrooms, renowned citywide. Here, art students explored a wide array of techniques, including wood crafting, glass etching, leather tooling, and textile dyeing. Scrapbooking was also a favorite pastime of students, perfected in art classes.

The sciences grew in popularity, with classes in biology, chemistry, and physiology offering engaging lessons and fun experiments. Fridays became known as dissection days, eagerly anticipated by budding biologists. ICA’s science classes ventured on field trips to the Golden Gate Park’s Academy of Sciences and attended science exhibits hosted by the San Francisco College for Women’s Science Club. ICA’s own science club grew, publishing their science journal, The Germ Journal. A passion for science continues at ICA Cristo Rey. In recent years, about 40% of graduates have expressed their intent to pursue STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) majors in college. Thanks to our Corporate Work Study Program, some students have the opportunity to delve into STEM hands-on, gaining invaluable experience with industry leaders like Genentech and UCSF Health.   

In the 1950s, ICA students increasingly explored higher education options. Local colleges such as Notre Dame de Namur University of Belmont, Holy Names College in Oakland, and the San Francisco College for Women welcomed ICA seniors to their campuses for field trips designed for current students to share their college experiences. The San Francisco City College’s Women's Association also hosted ICA students at a tea and fashion show. Today, as a college preparatory school, ICA continues this legacy and is dedicated to supporting students on their journeys to and through college, with 100% of the Class of 2023 admitted to four-year colleges. 

What was happening in San Francisco at the time? 

In the dynamic 1950s, San Francisco embraced a new era of post-World War II optimism and glamor. During this period, the city's population was predominantly blue-collar, with expanding suburbs causing a decline in city housing prices and offering fresh opportunities for workers to settle into new neighborhoods across the city. 

The nation's frenzied construction of freeways reached San Francisco's doorstep, leading to the emergence of the Embarcadero Freeway in 1959. This concrete connection between the Bay Bridge and Broadway Street significantly reduced travel times, albeit amidst controversy. The freeway remained a topic of dispute until the earthquake of 1989 inflicted enough damage to warrant its complete removal, reshaping the city's landscape. 

  The city itself played host to a historic event in 1954—the highly anticipated wedding of Marilyn Monroe and Joe DiMaggio took place at San Francisco City Hall. The occasion drew hordes of well-wishers, who gathered outside the City Hall to share in the couple's joy.   

In 1958, San Francisco received a monumental gift—the arrival of the San Francisco Giants baseball team. Having relocated from New York, the Giants inaugurated Seals Stadium, a former minor league baseball venue, into the realm of major league sports, while awaiting the completion of Candlestick Park. Interestingly, the beloved Giants’ mascot 'Lou Seal' draws inspiration from the team's initial San Francisco home at Seals Stadium, even though Lou made its debut later in 1996.

What was happening at ICA at the time?

ICA buzzed with activity throughout the 1960s, marked by transformative changes under the leadership of Sister M. Charlotte starting in 1961. Notably, Sister M. Charlotte made significant adjustments to the BLOCK program, an ICA pillar since the 1930s. Originally, students in the BLOCK program were recognized for exceptional athletic performance and gifted a white letterman sweater as a reward. The first change came in 1960 when all students could accumulate points towards earning a BLOCK sweater by attending athletic events, opening up the accolade to non-student-athletes.   

Then, under Sr. M. Charlotte’s guidance in 1962, the BLOCK program underwent another revision aimed at recognizing excellence beyond athletics. Each year, upperclassmen students became eligible for a BLOCK distinction in three categories: academics, service, and athletics. Faculty and staff nominated candidates, and these nominees, along with their mothers, were invited to the "BLOCK Banquet” in the spring every year. During this event, girls were awarded white sweaters, a Spartan mascot patch, and a patch corresponding to their area of distinction – a torch (academics), a lamp (service), or a sports ball (athletics). The tradition of BLOCK continues to thrive to this day. Presently, BLOCK accolades are bestowed upon students who have made significant contributions to ICA and the broader community through their service efforts. Both juniors and seniors have the opportunity to apply for BLOCK recognition, and selections are made by the BLOCK faculty and staff committee. Recipients receive a white sweater featuring a Spartan mascot patch embroidered with their name.    

The 1960s also marked significant changes in ICA's facilities. In 1960, the Dominican Sisters' convent at 1212 Guerrero Street opened, replacing a 75-year-old convent that originally was the Motherhouse of the Dominican Sisters of Mission San Jose. This new 2-story E-shaped building was designed to accommodate a music department, parlors, offices, and living quarters for approximately 36 sisters. The convent also includes a chapel, which remains in use by the Sisters to this day. Currently, 1212 Guerrero Street serves as a residence for five Dominican Sisters and houses math classrooms and staff offices. 

During this period, ICA obtained an official address. Previously, the school was identified by its cross streets, located at the intersection of 24th and Guerrero. Given the confusion this caused the post office, ICA acquired its dedicated address in 1960, 3635 24th Street, proudly displayed on the glass above the main entrance. 

The spirit of activism prevalent in the Bay Area during the 1960s influenced ICA's students. Civil rights became prominent topics of discussion. ICA frequently hosted speakers from the Catholic Interracial Group to address racial discrimination and school segregation in San Francisco schools. These issues were also addressed in the student newspaper and ICA students also served as representatives at various conferences for Bay Area high school students. At ICA Cristo Rey today, student-led clubs provide a platform for students to actively engage with contemporary issues that are important to them. For instance, the "Spartans of Support" club advocates for mental health awareness, while the "Refugees Welcome" club, sponsored by UNICEF, focuses on fundraising for various refugee and humanitarian assistance initiatives.

What was happening in San Francisco at the time?

In the 1960s, San Francisco emerged as a hub of cultural and social change, driven by a bohemian spirit that drew artists and activists. The counterculture movement gained traction, making Haight-Ashbury the epicenter of the 'Summer of Love' in 1967, a time of youthful embrace for peace, love, and self-exploration.    

During this era, the city pulsated with activism, led by local university students. Protests championing civil rights and opposing the Vietnam War dominated the conversation. Notably, Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.’s visit to UC Berkeley’s campus in 1963 incited a culture of activism on the campus, and the Third World Strike of 1968 at San Francisco State University marked a pivotal moment in the fight for ethnic studies and equitable representation in academia. The LGBTQ+ rights movement also gained momentum as San Francisco's openly gay community increased. 

In 1969, the city commenced construction on the iconic Transamerica Pyramid, a symbol of San Francisco's ambition and innovation. This striking skyscraper would go on to become an enduring emblem of the city's skyline. Similarly, the 1960s saw BART's first tracks laid to connect the growing Bay Area.

Music remained a driving force, with renowned venues like the Fillmore Auditorium hosting legendary performances by artists like Jimi Hendrix and Janis Joplin. The city's rich music scene inspired Jann Wenner's creation of Rolling Stone magazine in 1967. The city's free-spirited vibe also attracted influential writers and poets, solidifying its reputation as a hub of creativity.

What was happening at ICA at the time? 

ICA continued to be a lively and spirited school in the 1970s. Enrollment typically hovered around 330 students, surpassing the capacity of a space originally designed for only 200 students. This inspired a renovation project for the lower level of the main school building during the latter part of the decade. By the end of 1977, this renovation added four new classrooms, a modern cafeteria with an upgraded kitchen, a spacious faculty room to accommodate 30 faculty members, an expanded journalism room, and two new bathrooms. 

This extensive renovation was made possible through the dedicated efforts of ICA students and the community. The total cost of the renovations amounted to $137,000 (equivalent to $681,213 today), and students initiated fundraisers, including walk-a-thons and candy drives, to contribute to the expenses. One of the most successful events, the "Blisters for Building" walk-a-thon, challenged participants to walk 15 miles around San Francisco in support of the cause. The school newspaper provided regular updates on the community's fundraising efforts, as well as contributions from foundations and supporters that played a crucial role in making the renovations a reality.   

ICA continued to offer an exciting curriculum that catered to students' interests. During this period, there was a growing enthusiasm for government, politics, and international relations. The Club for International Affairs (CIA) became a popular gathering place for students to engage in discussions about current events and to host guest speakers who elaborated on related topics. The CIA also facilitated ICA's Model United Nations team, which competed annually against other Northern California high schools at a Model U.N. conference in Berkeley, California. Additionally, there was an annual trip to Washington D.C. in partnership with a federal education program called "Close Up," offering students the opportunity to learn more about U.S. government and politics through educational field trips to the capital.

Drama also garnered significant interest from students in the 1970s. With guidance from faculty directors, students put on 2 to 3 large-scale performances each year. Classics such as Funny Girl, Sound of Music, and Bye, Bye, Birdie captivated performers and audiences alike. Some productions featured six-show runs spanning over two weeks, bringing many families and visitors to campus to watch. University of San Francisco, Lone Mountain College, and Riordan High School students often played roles in ICA's productions.

ICA's faculty and staff in the 1970s were dedicated to helping students explore and determine their post-high school opportunities. City-wide college fairs were well attended by ICA students. Notably, ICA students and their families participated in College Day at St. Mary's Cathedral, where representatives from numerous Bay Area colleges and universities shared insights about their institutions. 80% of the Class of 1978, for example, pursued some form of higher education. ICA also hosted an annual Career Day each January, designed to inspire and educate students about various industries and professions. Approximately 30 women professionals attended Career Day each year to share their experiences with the students. On many occasions, Career Day provided ICA alumni with the opportunity to return to campus and showcase their careers to the younger generation.

What was happening in San Francisco at the time?

The 1970s marked a dynamic and transformative period in San Francisco's history, as the city navigated the aftermath of the countercultural movements of the 1960s and embraced new identities and challenges.

 The decade began with the continuation of social movements and civil rights advocacy that dominated the latter half of the 1960s. San Francisco stood as a beacon for LGBTQ+ activism, with the gay rights movement gaining momentum. In 1970, the city hosted the first-ever Gay Freedom Day Parade, which evolved into today's iconic San Francisco Pride Parade. In 1978, the assassination of Mayor George Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk, the first openly gay publicly elected official in the U.S., rocked the city, leaving a lasting impact on its political landscape and LGBTQ+ rights advocacy. 

Technological progress emerged as a driving force, profoundly impacting San Francisco's economy. While the tech industry's roots traced back to 1939 with the establishment of Hewlett-Packard in Palo Alto, the 1970s marked a significant milestone in Silicon Valley's history. Pioneering companies like Apple, Atari, and Oracle were founded in the region during this decade, solidifying its tech-focused reputation. Coined by journalist Don Hoefler in 1971, the term "Silicon Valley" entered the lexicon, symbolizing the tech hub's global significance. 

San Francisco continued to host a flourishing artistic scene during the 1970s. The city's vibrant music scene produced iconic bands like Journey and Santana, contributing to the global popularity of the "San Francisco Sound." Punk rock and disco also gained prominence, with venues like the Mabuhay Gardens hosting groundbreaking performances. Artistic expression was further showcased through murals and street art, reflecting the city's commitment to creativity.

What was happening at ICA at the time? 

The 1980s was an exciting time for the ICA community, marked by the ambitious expansion project of the Herbst Hall gym and classroom annex, a true testament to the determination and teamwork within the ICA community.

The concept for the Herbst Hall annex emerged in 1981. The land where Herbst Hall now stands had previously been the "Senior Glen" and the "Old Glen," outdoor spaces for students and faculty to enjoy, occasionally hosting outdoor classes. Once plans were finalized and a building permit from the city of San Francisco was secured, construction on this multi-part project of new classrooms, a computer lab, a gym, and a redesigned courtyard, began on March 7, 1984.

The Herbst Hall project required commitment from the entire community. Construction noises became the new backdrop of the school day, prompting teachers to creatively experiment with microphone use during classes. Adverse weather conditions and delayed material arrivals posed challenges, causing a few setbacks in the construction timeline and keeping the whole community on its toes. Students demonstrated enthusiasm for fundraising for the project, notably through the Fall Candy Drive and Spring Walk-a-thon. For consecutive school years, all students participated in the Candy Drive, engaging in friendly class competitions to sell the candy bars and achieve their sales goals. The walk-a-thons became highly anticipated events, with students covering almost 15 miles on foot, bike, or roller skates around Lake Merced. Parents and faculty showed up at Harding Park, the halfway point, to cheer on students and, in some instances, provide motivation with a hamburger to fuel them for the rest of the journey. 

Herbst Hall was officially dedicated on May 12, 1986, and the entire school community came together for a joyous celebration. The gym, newly designed courtyard now known as "Student Park”, and the auditorium were adorned with white and blue streamers, balloons, and even an ice sculpture. A letter from then-Mayor Diane Feinstein, congratulating the entire ICA community, was read aloud at the celebration. In the letter, Feinstein declared that May 12 would henceforth be recognized as Immaculate Conception Academy Day in San Francisco.

Herbst Hall was open for use in the 1986-1987 school year. The seniors that year, the Class of 1987, were assigned the new lockers in the building, establishing that hallway as their senior locker hallway. The new computer lab in Herbst Hall quickly became a favorite spot for both the staff of the school newspaper and the yearbook staff. The new gym saw immediate use, hosting the home games of the volleyball team that fall. Alumnae were invited to see the new Herbst Hall at a spirited Alumnae vs. Varsity volleyball game event.

Today, Herbst Hall and the Student Park courtyard remain integral parts of the ICA Cristo Rey campus. The classrooms in Herbst Hall serve as history, English, science, and religion classrooms.  The gym is a stage for our student-athletes, especially our volleyball and basketball teams, to shine, while also providing an excellent gathering space for the school community during rallies or lunch breaks. The Student Park courtyard is also a central hub for students, particularly on sunny days, where they gather to eat lunch, host club fundraising sales, or chat after school. In recent years, Student Park has been upgraded with student-designed and painted murals decorating the space and displaying the energy and spirit of ICA Cristo Rey's students. We are grateful to the many friends, supporters, alumnae, and family of alumnae who supported the Herbst Hall project and thank the community for supporting the creation of a dynamic learning environment at ICA Cristo Rey.

What was happening in San Francisco at the time?

The 1980s brought a complex mix of social change, technological advancement, and city pride to San Francisco's landscape. 

At the onset of the decade, the LGBTQ+ community continued to assert its presence and fight for equal rights. The AIDS crisis cast a somber shadow over the city and the LGBTQ+ community in particular, leading to significant losses and amplifying the urgency for healthcare advocacy. Organizations like the San Francisco AIDS Foundation emerged to support affected individuals and foster awareness.

Amidst the struggles and heartbreak, the San Francisco 49ers provided a source of pride for San Franciscans. Led by coach Bill Walsh and quarterback Joe Montana, they nailed their first Super Bowl win in 1981 and kept the victories coming. Their "West Coast Offense" changed the game and led to more triumphs, including another Super Bowl win in 1984 and consecutive championships in '88 and '89.

Technological innovation surged ahead, propelled by the growth of the tech sector. The expansion of Silicon Valley had a profound impact, driving economic growth and positioning the city as a place of innovation. The growing industry also supported jobs in the area that helped contribute to the Bay Area’s growth. Companies like Adobe Systems and Sun Microsystems further solidified San Francisco's reputation as a global technology hub.

Urban development projects transformed the city's infrastructure. The construction of the Moscone Center in 1981 marked a step toward modernizing the city's convention capabilities. Additionally, the Embarcadero Freeway's demolition, spurred by the damage of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and the subsequent revival of the Ferry Building, revitalized the waterfront area, fostering a renewed sense of community and accessibility.

 

What was happening at ICA at the time?

The 1990s were a dynamic period at ICA, filled with exciting learning experiences and events. Numerous off-campus learning opportunities enriched the curriculum for ICA students. Mini-courses, initially introduced in the '80s as a curriculum supplement, continued into the next decade. During three days each year, students could choose a fun elective course known as a mini-course. The offerings covered a range of subjects such as Flamenco Dancing, bowling, cosmetology, Italian cooking, photography, self-defense, and more. Typically led by faculty members or returning alumnae, these mini-courses were highly anticipated, offering a chance to explore new interests.

In the mid-1990s, mini-courses transitioned to class field trip days, including visits to Sacramento, the Monterey Bay Aquarium, and tours of local colleges. Additionally, ICA collaborated with organizations like Close Up, organizing annual student trips to Washington D.C., and Summer Search, which funded summer experiences for students. In the summer of 1993, seven students had unique adventures, such as a sailing trip to Maine, a three-week stay with a host family in Spain, and a marine biology field trip to Dauphin Island, Alabama, all funded by Summer Search.

Off-campus trips were also integral to community building. Each class participated in an annual retreat, fostering student bonding and reflection. Seniors, in particular, eagerly anticipated their culminating retreat as a chance to reflect on their journey at ICA. In the '90s, seniors often visited Westminster Woods in Oxford, California, for their overnight retreat. The tradition of class retreats continues at ICA Cristo Rey today. Throughout the year, each class has a designated retreat day where they are taken to off-campus retreat locations such as the Motherhouse of the Dominican Sister of Mission San Jose in Fremont, CA, or the Los Altos Jesuit Retreat Center in Los Altos, CA. Each year, the retreats are centered around one of the four Dominican pillars – community, service, prayer, and study.

Beyond off-campus events, students eagerly awaited the annual Father-Daughter and Mother-Daughter events. The Father-Daughter dinner and dance, held in the auditorium, featured themes such as sports where students and their fathers were encouraged to wear the jerseys of their favorite teams, or “Flashback Friday” where all the music played was from the 50s-70s. The Mother-Daughter Tea, a tradition since the 1930s, remained a huge success. Students and their mothers were invited to dress up and enjoy a variety of entertainment that displayed the creative talents of ICA students, including dance performances, choir singing, fashion shows of sewing students' designs, and art displays.

ICA hosted various events showcasing the identity of the student body. One notable event from this decade was Common Heart, a student-organized performance in the spring of 1993. This cultural showcase highlighted the diversity of ICA's student body, featuring dances and songs from the different cultures of ICA students. The program included Tahitian Dancing, Irish Dancing, Broadway-inspired tap dancing, and more. Described as a "smorgasbord of cultural stories, songs, and dances" by the student newspaper, this event exemplified the vibrant community at ICA.

What was happening in San Francisco at the time? 

In the 1990s, San Francisco continued to evolve, marked by significant growth in the tech sector. Though the Bay Area had begun to feel the effects of Silicon Valley before 1990, the dot-com boom of the late 1990s was a period of rapid growth that completely transformed the economy of the city of San Francisco. 

Tech companies proliferated in San Francisco and Silicon Valley, and the influx of young professionals changed the urban landscape. The booming industry generated many new opportunities for entrepreneurs and investors and brought unparalleled wealth to numerous residents. This growth led to rising housing costs, challenging the city's socioeconomic dynamics. San Francisco grappled with the challenges of homelessness and social inequality. Activists and organizations worked to address these issues, advocating for affordable housing and social services to support vulnerable populations.

During this period, environmental consciousness gained momentum, as the city embraced sustainability and green initiatives. Initiatives aimed at waste reduction and the promotion of renewable energy sources were keystones of the movement. In 1996, San Francisco pioneered the nation's first large-scale composting program. This groundbreaking effort not only earned the city a reputation for environmentalism but also drew the attention of over 100 countries that sent delegates to study and observe San Francisco's waste management systems.

Pride in the San Francisco 49ers stayed constant. The 1990s were another golden era for the team, as they continued to showcase their football prowess. Led by the indomitable quarterback Steve Young and coach George Seifert, the 49ers clinched their fifth Super Bowl title in 1995!

 

What was happening at ICA at the time?

From 2000 to 2008, ICA experienced a vibrant community marked by spirited student participation in both old and new traditions. Traditions celebrating growth and progression through high school were and continue to be integral parts of the ICA Cristo Rey experience. One such tradition was the “Freshmen Frolic” or “Welcome Week.” At the beginning of each school year, every class organized a bonding activity for themselves and the incoming class. For example, in 2000, the seniors creatively gift-wrapped the lockers of every first-year student, providing a warm and spirited welcome. Juniors orchestrated an ice cream social to share with the freshmen, and the sophomores planned a frosh-soph lunch with a variety of engaging games and activities, breaking the ice and establishing connections. 

The 2000s witnessed the continuation of traditions celebrating the achievements of upperclassmen. The Junior Ring Ceremony, a tradition dating back to the 1950s at ICA, welcomes the junior class into the category of upperclassmen. It marks the halfway point of their time at ICA and encourages them to step up into leadership roles. In the 2000s, each junior received their class ring, and a faculty member chosen by the junior class shared a reflection and words of congratulation. In some years, junior classes hosted a Junior Ring Dance in the weeks following the ceremony. This year, following tradition, the Junior Ring Ceremony and reception were held in October for the Class of 2025.

Another significant event on the school calendar was the Candle Rose Ceremony, symbolizing the passing of the torch of Associated Student Body (ASB) positions from one year to the next. Taking place at the end of the school year, new student body government positions were announced, and current ASB members presented a candle to the students who would assume their roles in the coming year and received a rose in return for their service. A similar tradition, the Blue and White Assembly, took place for BLOCK members, where incoming members of this student leader group were presented with their blue and white BLOCK sweaters. Variations of these timeless traditions continue to be celebrated at ICA Cristo Rey today.

Inspired by broader school traditions, numerous student-run clubs created their own annual traditions in the 2000s. The Filipina-American (Fil-Am) student group, for instance, hosted the San Lorenzo Ruiz Luncheon consistently throughout the decade. Named after the first Filipino Catholic saint, this highly anticipated event brought together much of the community to enjoy Filipino food such as lumpia, chicken adobo, pancit, and pichi-pichi. Students of the Fil-Am club would also perform traditional Filipino dances and invite fellow students and faculty to try to learn some of the dance moves. Other student organizations such as Las Latinas Unidas, an affinity group for students who identify as Latina, and the Black Student Union followed similar models, hosting an annual luncheon where food, music, and dancing were often the main entertainment. All three of these student organizations continue to thrive on ICA Cristo Rey’s campus today. With all students on campus on Fridays this year, the Friday lunch period is a popular time for many student organizations to meet or hold fundraisers, fostering a sense of community and inclusivity.

As the oldest all-girls high school in San Francisco, ICA Cristo Rey takes pride in the traditions that have stood the test of time, bringing students together, both past and present.

 What was happening in San Francisco at the time? 

 In the early 2000s, San Francisco weathered the burst of the dot-com bubble, a pivotal event that reverberated through its tech-centric economy. The city, a hub for numerous dot-com companies, witnessed a wave of bankruptcies, resulting in widespread job losses and financial strain. While some, like Google, emerged stronger, the crash prompted a reassessment of business models and investment strategies, reshaping the city's tech landscape.

Further challenges arose with the Great Recession in 2008, impacting San Francisco's tech and financial sectors and leading to job losses and a struggling real estate market. Despite the economic downturn, the city's innovative spirit prevailed. The tech industry, with the rise of companies like Uber and Airbnb, played a crucial role in San Francisco's recovery around 2009.

Throughout these turbulent times, San Francisco's community maintained its commitment to social change. The LGBTQ+ movement persisted, advocating for marriage equality, anti-discrimination measures, and healthcare access. In 2004, then-Mayor Gavin Newsom's decision to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples made headlines, symbolizing a significant moment in the ongoing fight for LGBTQ+ rights. Beyond marriage equality, San Francisco's LGBTQ+ community actively participated in broader social and political conversations, contributing to the national discourse on inclusion and civil liberties.

The landscape of the city continued to evolve during this period. Notably, the Presidio, originally established as a military post in 1776 and used for various military purposes for centuries, was transformed into a public space. Historic buildings were repurposed for new uses, ranging from residential housing to offices and museums. Trails and recreational areas were developed, inviting locals and visitors to explore the Presidio's scenic landscapes. Today, the Presidio stands as a unique blend of historic architecture, natural beauty, and cultural amenities, offering a range of recreational and educational opportunities for those who visit.

What was happening at ICA at the time?

In 2009, ICA Cristo Rey transitioned to becoming a Cristo Rey school. The decision was rooted in the vision of the Dominican Sisters of Mission San Jose, the founders and sponsors of ICA, who sought to align the school with the innovative and impactful Cristo Rey Network. This strategic move aimed to better serve students from low-income households, aligning with the mission and values upheld by ICA and the Dominican sisters.

The first Cristo Rey school was started in Chicago's Pilsen neighborhood in the 1990s through the efforts of Fr. John P Foley, S.J., and the Society of Jesus. It pioneered a groundbreaking approach to education designed to cater to the primarily immigrant population in that area. At its core was the Corporate Work Study Program, an unconventional educational model where students worked one day a week in paid internships to offset the cost of their education. The success of Cristo Rey Jesuit High School in Pilsen captured the attention of educators nationwide, leading to the establishment of the Cristo Rey Network—an organization committed to replicating the innovative Corporate Work Study model first demonstrated in Pilsen. As of the end of 2023, the Cristo Rey Network is now a collective of 39 Catholic college preparatory schools across 24 states in the U.S.

The bedrock of any Cristo Rey High School is the combination of a strong college-going culture and the Corporate Work Study Program, which generates much-needed revenue for the school. Each student is paired with a corporate partner in a field of their interest (ranging from tech/biotech, law, medicine, finance, education, and more) and works one day per week directly with the corporate partner in an internship position. The corporate partner provides mentorship, professional experience, and the foundations of a professional network.

Immaculate Conception Academy proudly joined the Cristo Rey Network as the 20th school and the first and only all-girls school within the network. With this transition, the school's name changed to ICA Cristo Rey, signifying its connection to the network of schools. The Corporate Work Study Program became an integral part of the ICA Cristo Rey experience. Students became a part of the downtown San Francisco ecosystem, commuting and working alongside professionals from various industries. ICA Cristo Rey became "The School that Works!”, a slogan crafted to mirror the dedication of students inside both the classroom and the workplace.

In its fourteenth year as a Cristo Rey Network school, 1,004 young leaders have graduated from ICA Cristo Rey with four years of invaluable Corporate Work Study experience. This Corporate Work Study Program has generated an impressive $20 million, covering 50% of students' education costs, and ICA Cristo Rey has partnered with over 450 companies across the San Francisco Bay Area. Each student graduates with a resume with four years of professional experience, putting her at a distinct advantage over her college peers and giving her the confidence to succeed in the career of her choice.

Thanks to the foresight and commitment of the Dominican Sisters of Mission San Jose and other leaders within the ICA community, ICA Cristo Rey proudly stands as the oldest all-girls school in San Francisco, dedicated to continuing a 140-year legacy of helping students realize their potential and nurturing them into the next generation of confident women leaders.

What was happening in San Francisco at the time? 

In recent years, San Francisco has stayed true to its legacy of technological innovation and a steadfast commitment to activism and inclusivity. Coming out of the Great Recession in 2009, the city witnessed the rise of tech giants like Uber, Lyft, and Airbnb, reshaping urban mobility and hospitality. The influx of venture capital and startups transformed the skyline with projects like the Salesforce Tower. 

New neighborhoods have developed on the east coast of the San Francisco peninsula. Once industrial and underdeveloped areas, the Mission Bay and Dogpatch neighborhoods have undergone extensive redevelopment. These areas have experienced a surge in construction, featuring modern residential complexes, research institutions like the UCSF campus, the Chase Center, home to the Golden State Warriors, and renovated warehouses. 

Activism remains vibrant, as the city's residents engaged in protests for racial justice, climate change awareness, and women's rights. There have been more strides in LGBTQ+ community, with San Francisco celebrating the legalization of same-sex marriage nationwide in 2015.

San Francisco's arts and culture scene continues to thrive, with the reopening of the SFMOMA in 2016 and the enduring legacy of the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco. As the city moved into the 2020s, it faced unprecedented challenges brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, San Franciscan residents are still coming to understand the lasting effects of the pandemic.